BMC Medical Education (07/13/2023) Vol. 23, No. 505 Kimura, Rika; Matsunaga, Mayumi; Barroga, Edward; et al.

A recent study evaluated the components of asynchronous e-learning for the continuing education of clinical nurses. The researchers explored the technology-enabled and enhanced training (TEET) options involved, adopted outcomes and outcome measures and related benefits and challenges of asynchronous e-learning. The scoping review included 60 articles published between 2011 and 2023. The most common study frameworks were pretest–posttest, quasi-experimental design/randomized controlled trial and systematic review. Interactive online modules and videos were the most frequently used enabling technologies, followed by slides and online discussions. Meanwhile, scenario-based learning, resource access and narrated PowerPoint, computer simulation or virtual reality and gamification were the most frequently cited enhancement technologies. Five studies applied enhancing technology options, and the authors noticed diverse TEET solutions starting to trend after 2017. Forty-six of the 57 intervention studies employed online learning only, while 11 used blended learning. Most of the articles reported knowledge acquisition as the primary outcome, followed by behavior, attitude, satisfaction and skills. Key benefits of asynchronous learning were cost-effectiveness, time-savings and efficiency, immediate feedback, self-paced learning, flexibility, ease of participation and repeated learning. Issues included a need for more real-time feedback, insufficient time to study lengthy content and few incentives to stay motivated. "Three types of interactions, namely, learner-system, instructor-learner and learner-learner, are important for asynchronous e-learning," the researchers wrote. "Therefore, using interactive features at necessary stages can help promote motivation among the learners."

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